![]() Designs and construction of the Qing dynasty court robes were enacted and regulated through imperial edicts the dress code was a mixed of Manchu (i.e. : 34 The Manchu rulers thus decided to redesign and regulate the decorative patterns found on their court robes by introducing and applying elaborate pattern designs on their court robes. Lishui, followed by woshui, followed by turbulent waves found on the sleeves of a dragon robe (jifu), 17th centuryīy the end of the 17th century, the Manchu rulers wanted to re-imagine the imagery of their dragon robes to emphasize on the centrality of the emperor within the cosmos and within the imperial court. : 42 Some early designs of the Qing dynasty jifu (dragon/python robe) showed patterns of woshui at the bottom hem of the robe but did not have the presence of lishui this form of dragon robe eventually disappeared in the mid-18th century, possibly having fallen out of fashion. Dragon robe with woshui (卧水) and waves crashing on rocks but no lishui (立水), dragon robes follows the Ming dynasty design-style, early Qing dynasty, 17th centuryĪfter the conquest of the Ming dynasty by the Manchu and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, the Manchu rulers inherited the dragon robes of the Ming dynasty : 33 which they would refit and modify these robes by adding their own their own Manchu-style features similarly to how the Manchu (and their predecessors, the Jurchens) used to modify the dragons robes bestowed by the Ming dynasty prior to the Ming dynasty conquest. Dragon roundels with waves breaking on rock, from cropped from a Ming dynasty dragon robe. robe with mandarin square) also used ocean waves patterns in the form of concentric semicircles (woshui) as clothing ornaments. : 33 Other forms of court robes in Ming dynasty worn by nobles, officials and their wives (such as the bufu, i.e. In the Ming dynasty, patterns of sea "waves breaking against rocks" were already in use in the Emperor's dragon robe in the early 16th century in order to create a cosmic landscape for the imperial dragons. Main article: Standardization of Manchu imperial and court clothing in Qing dynasty Sometimes, within the waves pattern, other religious ( Taoist and Buddhist symbols) and auspicious Chinese symbols were added, such as clouds. Lishui could be found in the five colours. : 389 Therefore, when worn together, these motifs mean that the wearer of clothing is the "centre of the symbolic universe" being the ruler over the waters, the Earth and Heavens. Waves patterns (usually shaped in semicircles as found in woshui (卧水) patterns) are often used to represent tides (潮, cháo) which is the homophone and symbolism for the court "audience" (朝, cháo). The turbulent waves were buddhist elements. Lishui represents the deep water the rock represents the sacred mountain (山, shān), which is the representation of the Universe or the Earth. When used on dragon robes, lishui could be combined with turbulent waves and a rock in the middle of the clothing. In ancient China, embroideries on clothing were not only used as a mean to embellish clothing but also held symbolic meanings. Main article: Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing Sacred mountain, one of the twelve ornaments. : 329 It was also adopted in some court clothing of the Nguyen dynasty in Vietnam under the influence of the Qing dynasty. It is also used to decorate Chinese opera costumes, typically on the bottom hem of the costumes. It could be used to decorate as wedding dress items. : 100, 117 Lishui was used to decorate garments, including the bottom hem and cuffs of some of the court clothing of the Qing dynasty. Lishui represents the deep sea under which the ocean surges and waves it is therefore typically topped with "still water" ( woshui ( Chinese: 卧水 pinyin: wòshuǐ), also called pingshui ( Chinese: 平水 pinyin: píngshuǐ)), which is represented by concentric semicircle patterns which runs horizontally. : 100 It originated in China where it was used by the Qing dynasty court prior to the mid-18th century. 'water feet') is a set of parallel diagonal (either straight or wavy), multicoloured sea-waves/line patterns. 'standing water') or shuijiao ( Chinese: 水脚 Chinese: shuǐjiǎo lit. Lishui waves/ Lishui stripes/ Lishui border Lishui (diagonal and parallel straight multicoloured stripes), Qing dynasty
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